London 1938: Defending Degenerate German Art is at the Liebermann Villa, Berlin, Germany, from Sunday to 14 January 2019. In Barrs mind, the Germans didnt deserve the modern masterpieces they once rejected, or at least didnt deserve them as much as the appreciative MoMA did. It was also the title of a propagandistically designed Nazi exhibition of modern art held in Munich in 1937. In 1937, Nazi officials purged German museums of works the Party considered to be degenerate. The fevered brainchild of art-obsessed Adolf Hitler, Entartete Kunst aimed at showing not only what "Jewish" and "Bolshevik" art looked like, but also arguing how the degeneracy of those. The record label Decca have released a series of albums entitled Entartete Musik to recognise musicians and composers whose lives and careers were cut short or destroyed by the Nazis. Which are you? Thorsten Kunst produced a video from your horse during the auction and from the presentation. The Museum of Modern Art, New York. The partys agenda was as much political as it was cultural. One million individuals were reported within the first six weeks alone, while an additional million saw the Degenerate Art project as it traveled throughout Germany between February 1938 and April 1941. In Munich, the Degenerate Art exhibition would take place concurrently alongside the pre-contrived Groe Deutsche Kunstausstellung (Great German Art Exhibition). In both Hitler and the Nazis took Nordaus idea, but replaced who were the degenerates. They set the year 1910 as the cut-off point for acceptable art, thus catching Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, and even war-mad Futurism in their ideological net. Hitler did not accept Modern or Jewish art calling it degenerate, condemning the artistic styles of Dada, Fauvism, Futurism, Expressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism as Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art). Some word pairs will be antonyms, some will be synonyms, and some will simply be words often used in the same context. There were strict controls over the works of art, music, literature and film that could be enjoyed, and those that were considered Entartete, or degenerate. This regulation of cultural life culminated in two exhibitions in the late 1930s: Entartete Kunst (1937) and Entartete Musik (1938). In 1988 Albrecht Dmling and Peter Girth reconstructed the Entartete Musik exhibition to encourage recognition of the dangers of fascist cultural politics. Others struggled to see the cultural value of the largely expressionist artworks, with the Daily Telegraphs critic denouncing them for their poster-like crudity. In contrast to the organized madness of Entartete Kunst, the show of great German art epitomized rationality and order to the dullest degree. Oskar Kokoschkas towering oil on canvas, Self-portrait of a Degenerate Artist, captures his defiant mood. Britains Information Research Department: Is it Secret Propaganda? "Degenerate music" (German: "Entartete Musik") was a label applied in the 1930s by the Nazi government in Germany to certain forms of music that it considered to be harmful or decadent. On 19 July 1937, the Degenerate Art exhibition was opened in the Archaeological Institute of Munich. All works by Jewish people were classed as Entartete and officially banned from the Third Reich. In his opening speech, Hitler made clear the extent to which the art in this exhibition was defined by its stark contrast to the 'degenerate' pieces in the neighbouring gallery. Such art was banned on the grounds that it was un-German or Jewish Bolshevist in nature, and those identified as degenerate artists were subject to sanctions."("Degenerate Art") The art teacher was relieved from their . Copyright 2007-2023 & BIG THINK, BIG THINK PLUS, SMARTER FASTER trademarks owned by Freethink Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Check out our entartete kunst selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our prints shops. This caused confusion even within the Nazi Party because though the ideology argued that works were banned on the basis of their inherent degeneracy, the real issue was not with the work of art itself but with the race or ethnicity of its creator. Stck Zwei 3. The second room was devoted to the theme of the 'Revelation of the Jewish Racial Soul' and featured paintings, prints and drawings by Jewish artists, a prominent example being Rabbiner by Marc Chagall. Thanks in part to the London exhibition, a new audience was introduced to his oeuvre and he was able to flee to Britain, living there and successfully selling his works until the end of the 1940s. Originally, Hitler was not too thrilled with Goebbelss proposal, but he soon came around when he realized the possibilities in holding the Entartete Kunst exhibition in Munich instead of Berlin. A new exhibition in New York puts some of the Third Reich's despised 'degenerate art' on display. There were strict controls over the works of art, music, literature and film that could be enjoyed, and those that were considered Entartete, or 'degenerate.' This regulation of cultural life culminated in two exhibitions in the late 1930s: Entartete Kunst (1937) and Entartete Musik (1938). The 'Us versus Them' dichotomy is fundamental to any propaganda to create a successful antagonism by identifying a people in relation to their shared threat. Created at the heart of the Nazi regime by Joseph Goebbels' Ministry of Propaganda, the document records the confiscation of more than 16,000 works of art which the Nazis deemed 'degenerate'. B. malfeasance Such art was banned on the grounds that it was un-German, Jewish, or Communist in nature, and those identified as degenerate artists were subjected to sanctions. Every purchase supports the V&A. Works were curated into a display of degenerate art, the Entartete Kunst exhibition, in Munich in 1937. Greek and Roman iconography inspired the model for German Nazi art, meant to allude to the effects of heroism and romanticism. Bachelor of Arts w/ cultural analysis concentration, Entartete Kunst: The Nazi Project Against Modern Art, Exhibition Degenerate Art in the gallery building at Munich Hofgarten (opening on July 19, 1937), Cover of the exhibition program: Degenerate Art exhibition, 1937, Public queuing for the Entartete Kunst exhibition, 1937, Visitors look at works in the Degenerate Art exhibition in Munich, Adolf Hitler in conversation with Baron August von Finck (left), at Munichs Haus der Deutschen Kunst on July 18, 1937, Hitler and Hermann Gring on a tour of the Great German Art Exhibition (, Andrew Wyeths Christinas World: A Closer Look, How Albrecht Drers Self-Portrait Shook the Art World. The exhibitions, which had titles such as Schreckenskammer (Chamber of Terror), Kunst im Dienste der Zersetzung (Art in the Service of Subversion) and Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art), were united by a common theme: they denounced works of art which were interpreted as an attack against the German people and as symptoms of a cultural decline inextricably associated with liberal democracy. . The building was dark, with narrow staircases and small rooms, which were deliberately overfilled and the works displayed in a chaotic manner. Instead of meaningless abstract paintings, here they could enjoy the beauty of naturalistic landscapes. Stck Eins 2. Hear about collections, exhibitions, courses and events from the V&A and ways you can support us. A Berlin gallery has reconstructed an exhibition of German modern art 80 years after it was staged in London by a group of collectors and dealers intending to cock a snook at the Nazi regimes campaign against artists it saw as debauched. D. apotheosis Artists such as Emil Nolde found themselves initially accepted by the Nazis (especially Goebbels, who decorated his home in Node originals, at least until Hitler dropped by) only to find themselves later examples of inner emigrates (versus those emigrates who fled) who not only had their art removed from German collections to be sold or destroyed, but also were forbidden to make new art on pain of death. The first page of Volume 1 includes the title Entartete Kunst, hand-written in upper-case and with the word 'Entartete' (or 'Degenerate') in quotation marks. In another irony, Nordaus idea of a degenerate artist of the late 19th century included composer Richard Wagner and author-philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, the twin towers of Hitlers ideal of Germanic art. Faass added: In these Brexit-tainted times, its important to show how significant, then and now, on a European and international level such cultural cooperations are. While philosophers in nineteenth-century Germany had previously argued that art and music could have inherently degenerate characteristics (from the German entartung, meaning degeneration), the Nazis pushed this further, interpreting degeneracy as a racial characteristic to fit with their antisemitic ideology. Latest Journal's Impact IF 2022-2023| Trend, Prediction, Ranking & Key Factor Analysis - Academic Accelerator Name of authorised dealer where applicable | 8. E. hiatus. Willrich's book was a vicious attack against modernist artists and the art establishment which had enabled their assault against the 'German spirit'. The Culture Wars waged in the 1990s seem now part of the distant past, but the Hide/Seek controversy proved that ideas of degenerate art in America persist, with sexual orientation replacing religion and race as the target. Fighting for modern art suddenly became a way of fighting against the Nazi legacy. Two years later she was forcibly sterilised at the Municipal Hospital in Dresden. (14 votes) Very easy. When authorities attempted to arrest the crooked vice governor for criminal ______, the *recreant* hid behind his children. He was tasked with confiscating all degenerate art from museums and exhibitions, including works by Marc Chagall, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso and Vincent van Gogh. The exhibitions central theme was to educate the public on the art of decay. One of the main driving forces of the exhibition was the desire to draw a direct parallel between the characteristics of modern art and genetic inferiority and moral decline. "Entartete Kunst" (Degenerate Art) exhibition Film | Accession Number: 1991.259.1 | RG Number: RG-60.0375 | Film ID: 210 The 1937 exhibit of ENTARTETE KUNST at the Archeological Institute in Munich, not far from the House of German Art, with paintings of modern artwork declared by the Nazis to be "degenerate" on the gallery walls. Alastair Sooke compares it with some works the Nazis loved. German critics in Nazi-controlled media roundly condemned the exhibition. Entartete-kunst nolde.png. When they saw the London show, many people reportedly said they couldnt agree with Hitler on most things, but they sided with him when it came to modern art, said Martin Faass, the Berlin exhibitions co-curator. Over the course of a mere ten days, the commission combed through 32 collections in 23 cities to select works of art which were seen to threaten the new order the Nazis sought to cultivate. The exhibition presented a diverse selection of artists and genres of music linked only because they were disliked by the Nazi regime. It was not an elegant exhibition. Entartete Kunst, Ausstellung der NSDAP im Haus der Kunst am Knigsplatz, 1938.jpg. Entartete Kunst, Ausstellungsstrategien im Nazi-Deutschland. In hopes of angering tax-conscious citizens, degenerate works in German national museums came tagged with the price the German people paid (but never pointing out that the largest prices came during the inflationary times of the late 1920s, when people pushed wheelbarrows full of marks around to buy a loaf of bread). If Degenerate Art: The Attack on Modern Art in Nazi Germany, 1937 holds a warning from history, its that any time we set some group or its means of expression apart with labels, those labels say less about them and more about us. The title was added after the document was first created, and may have been written by Harry Fischer himself. An example illustrating this is the fate of the sculptor Ludwig Gies and his work. Departure, Frankfurt 1932, Berlin 1933-35. Oil on canvas. Magic Realism: Art in Weimar Germany 1919-33 review sex, death and decadence, Nora Krug: I would have thought, whats left to say about Germanys Nazi past? Though the focus was on Jewish influence, only six of the 112 artists represented were Jewish. Stck Vier important drone record #01: Minimalist electronic music. So that people can see and learn to recognize it.. But the larger issue that lingers is whether we still see any kind of art as degenerate or unhealthy to the point of censure. Pronunciation of entartete kunst with 3 audio pronunciations. The same room also featured the anti-war paintings of Otto Dix which had been displayed in Dresden in 1933 and which were seen to disrespect the honour of German soldiers and veterans. This was an effort to provide further proof of conspiracies regarding the existence of an artistic elite who had alien elements, such as Jewish people and Bolsheviks. The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric 2nd Edition Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses More than that, the Nazi regime explicitly drew a direct link between modernist stylistic tendencies and mental illness and "societal dysfunction." Dedicated to Junior. His aims for the exhibition were that it should bring about a clear decision for music as well [as art]: what was and is diseased, unhealthy, and highly dangerous in our music and that for this reason must be eliminated.. Many museum directors, curators, art professionals, and art scholars were dismissed and replaced by others affiliated with the Nazi Party. Artistic movements such as Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Dadaism, Surrealism and Post-Impressionism were all banned, as were musical genres such as atonality, jazz and swing. Entartete Kunst - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Fate of artwork: 'E' for Entartet (featured in the 'Degenerate Art' exhibition), 'V' for Verkauf (sale), 'T' for Tausch (exchange), 'X' for Vernichtung (destroyed, as could not be sold or exchanged), 'K' on commission with dealer | 9. A failed artist himself, Hitler wanted to mold the German soul in every way, including how it viewed the world through the prism of art. The case of Elfriede Lohse-Wchtler (1899 1940) draws into focus the terrible consequences of the worldview that lay at the heart of the Nazi comparison of modernist art with mental degeneration. One of the pieces with such a tragic shift in fate is the extremely adored sculpture of German artist Wilhelm Lehmbruck, Kneeling Woman, 1911. In From Lucerne to Washington, DC: Degenerate Art and the Question of Restitution, Jonathan Petropoulos spotlights the actions of MoMA founder Alfred Barr, who obtained many works for the collection that previously belonged to German museums, sometimes to the profit of the Nazi regime.
what was the irony of entartete kunst?
London 1938: Defending Degenerate German Art is at the Liebermann Villa, Berlin, Germany, from Sunday to 14 January 2019. In Barrs mind, the Germans didnt deserve the modern masterpieces they once rejected, or at least didnt deserve them as much as the appreciative MoMA did. It was also the title of a propagandistically designed Nazi exhibition of modern art held in Munich in 1937. In 1937, Nazi officials purged German museums of works the Party considered to be degenerate. The fevered brainchild of art-obsessed Adolf Hitler, Entartete Kunst aimed at showing not only what "Jewish" and "Bolshevik" art looked like, but also arguing how the degeneracy of those. The record label Decca have released a series of albums entitled Entartete Musik to recognise musicians and composers whose lives and careers were cut short or destroyed by the Nazis. Which are you? Thorsten Kunst produced a video from your horse during the auction and from the presentation. The Museum of Modern Art, New York. The partys agenda was as much political as it was cultural. One million individuals were reported within the first six weeks alone, while an additional million saw the Degenerate Art project as it traveled throughout Germany between February 1938 and April 1941. In Munich, the Degenerate Art exhibition would take place concurrently alongside the pre-contrived Groe Deutsche Kunstausstellung (Great German Art Exhibition). In both Hitler and the Nazis took Nordaus idea, but replaced who were the degenerates. They set the year 1910 as the cut-off point for acceptable art, thus catching Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, and even war-mad Futurism in their ideological net. Hitler did not accept Modern or Jewish art calling it degenerate, condemning the artistic styles of Dada, Fauvism, Futurism, Expressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism as Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art). Some word pairs will be antonyms, some will be synonyms, and some will simply be words often used in the same context. There were strict controls over the works of art, music, literature and film that could be enjoyed, and those that were considered Entartete, or degenerate. This regulation of cultural life culminated in two exhibitions in the late 1930s: Entartete Kunst (1937) and Entartete Musik (1938). In 1988 Albrecht Dmling and Peter Girth reconstructed the Entartete Musik exhibition to encourage recognition of the dangers of fascist cultural politics. Others struggled to see the cultural value of the largely expressionist artworks, with the Daily Telegraphs critic denouncing them for their poster-like crudity. In contrast to the organized madness of Entartete Kunst, the show of great German art epitomized rationality and order to the dullest degree. Oskar Kokoschkas towering oil on canvas, Self-portrait of a Degenerate Artist, captures his defiant mood. Britains Information Research Department: Is it Secret Propaganda? "Degenerate music" (German: "Entartete Musik") was a label applied in the 1930s by the Nazi government in Germany to certain forms of music that it considered to be harmful or decadent. On 19 July 1937, the Degenerate Art exhibition was opened in the Archaeological Institute of Munich. All works by Jewish people were classed as Entartete and officially banned from the Third Reich. In his opening speech, Hitler made clear the extent to which the art in this exhibition was defined by its stark contrast to the 'degenerate' pieces in the neighbouring gallery. Such art was banned on the grounds that it was un-German or Jewish Bolshevist in nature, and those identified as degenerate artists were subject to sanctions."("Degenerate Art") The art teacher was relieved from their . Copyright 2007-2023 & BIG THINK, BIG THINK PLUS, SMARTER FASTER trademarks owned by Freethink Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Check out our entartete kunst selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our prints shops. This caused confusion even within the Nazi Party because though the ideology argued that works were banned on the basis of their inherent degeneracy, the real issue was not with the work of art itself but with the race or ethnicity of its creator. Stck Zwei 3. The second room was devoted to the theme of the 'Revelation of the Jewish Racial Soul' and featured paintings, prints and drawings by Jewish artists, a prominent example being Rabbiner by Marc Chagall. Thanks in part to the London exhibition, a new audience was introduced to his oeuvre and he was able to flee to Britain, living there and successfully selling his works until the end of the 1940s. Originally, Hitler was not too thrilled with Goebbelss proposal, but he soon came around when he realized the possibilities in holding the Entartete Kunst exhibition in Munich instead of Berlin. A new exhibition in New York puts some of the Third Reich's despised 'degenerate art' on display. There were strict controls over the works of art, music, literature and film that could be enjoyed, and those that were considered Entartete, or 'degenerate.' This regulation of cultural life culminated in two exhibitions in the late 1930s: Entartete Kunst (1937) and Entartete Musik (1938). The 'Us versus Them' dichotomy is fundamental to any propaganda to create a successful antagonism by identifying a people in relation to their shared threat. Created at the heart of the Nazi regime by Joseph Goebbels' Ministry of Propaganda, the document records the confiscation of more than 16,000 works of art which the Nazis deemed 'degenerate'. B. malfeasance Such art was banned on the grounds that it was un-German, Jewish, or Communist in nature, and those identified as degenerate artists were subjected to sanctions. Every purchase supports the V&A. Works were curated into a display of degenerate art, the Entartete Kunst exhibition, in Munich in 1937. Greek and Roman iconography inspired the model for German Nazi art, meant to allude to the effects of heroism and romanticism. Bachelor of Arts w/ cultural analysis concentration, Entartete Kunst: The Nazi Project Against Modern Art, Exhibition Degenerate Art in the gallery building at Munich Hofgarten (opening on July 19, 1937), Cover of the exhibition program: Degenerate Art exhibition, 1937, Public queuing for the Entartete Kunst exhibition, 1937, Visitors look at works in the Degenerate Art exhibition in Munich, Adolf Hitler in conversation with Baron August von Finck (left), at Munichs Haus der Deutschen Kunst on July 18, 1937, Hitler and Hermann Gring on a tour of the Great German Art Exhibition (, Andrew Wyeths Christinas World: A Closer Look, How Albrecht Drers Self-Portrait Shook the Art World. The exhibitions, which had titles such as Schreckenskammer (Chamber of Terror), Kunst im Dienste der Zersetzung (Art in the Service of Subversion) and Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art), were united by a common theme: they denounced works of art which were interpreted as an attack against the German people and as symptoms of a cultural decline inextricably associated with liberal democracy. . The building was dark, with narrow staircases and small rooms, which were deliberately overfilled and the works displayed in a chaotic manner. Instead of meaningless abstract paintings, here they could enjoy the beauty of naturalistic landscapes. Stck Eins 2. Hear about collections, exhibitions, courses and events from the V&A and ways you can support us. A Berlin gallery has reconstructed an exhibition of German modern art 80 years after it was staged in London by a group of collectors and dealers intending to cock a snook at the Nazi regimes campaign against artists it saw as debauched. D. apotheosis Artists such as Emil Nolde found themselves initially accepted by the Nazis (especially Goebbels, who decorated his home in Node originals, at least until Hitler dropped by) only to find themselves later examples of inner emigrates (versus those emigrates who fled) who not only had their art removed from German collections to be sold or destroyed, but also were forbidden to make new art on pain of death. The first page of Volume 1 includes the title Entartete Kunst, hand-written in upper-case and with the word 'Entartete' (or 'Degenerate') in quotation marks. In another irony, Nordaus idea of a degenerate artist of the late 19th century included composer Richard Wagner and author-philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, the twin towers of Hitlers ideal of Germanic art. Faass added: In these Brexit-tainted times, its important to show how significant, then and now, on a European and international level such cultural cooperations are. While philosophers in nineteenth-century Germany had previously argued that art and music could have inherently degenerate characteristics (from the German entartung, meaning degeneration), the Nazis pushed this further, interpreting degeneracy as a racial characteristic to fit with their antisemitic ideology. Latest Journal's Impact IF 2022-2023| Trend, Prediction, Ranking & Key Factor Analysis - Academic Accelerator Name of authorised dealer where applicable | 8. E. hiatus. Willrich's book was a vicious attack against modernist artists and the art establishment which had enabled their assault against the 'German spirit'. The Culture Wars waged in the 1990s seem now part of the distant past, but the Hide/Seek controversy proved that ideas of degenerate art in America persist, with sexual orientation replacing religion and race as the target. Fighting for modern art suddenly became a way of fighting against the Nazi legacy. Two years later she was forcibly sterilised at the Municipal Hospital in Dresden. (14 votes) Very easy. When authorities attempted to arrest the crooked vice governor for criminal ______, the *recreant* hid behind his children. He was tasked with confiscating all degenerate art from museums and exhibitions, including works by Marc Chagall, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso and Vincent van Gogh. The exhibitions central theme was to educate the public on the art of decay. One of the main driving forces of the exhibition was the desire to draw a direct parallel between the characteristics of modern art and genetic inferiority and moral decline. "Entartete Kunst" (Degenerate Art) exhibition Film | Accession Number: 1991.259.1 | RG Number: RG-60.0375 | Film ID: 210 The 1937 exhibit of ENTARTETE KUNST at the Archeological Institute in Munich, not far from the House of German Art, with paintings of modern artwork declared by the Nazis to be "degenerate" on the gallery walls. Alastair Sooke compares it with some works the Nazis loved. German critics in Nazi-controlled media roundly condemned the exhibition. Entartete-kunst nolde.png. When they saw the London show, many people reportedly said they couldnt agree with Hitler on most things, but they sided with him when it came to modern art, said Martin Faass, the Berlin exhibitions co-curator. Over the course of a mere ten days, the commission combed through 32 collections in 23 cities to select works of art which were seen to threaten the new order the Nazis sought to cultivate. The exhibition presented a diverse selection of artists and genres of music linked only because they were disliked by the Nazi regime. It was not an elegant exhibition. Entartete Kunst, Ausstellung der NSDAP im Haus der Kunst am Knigsplatz, 1938.jpg. Entartete Kunst, Ausstellungsstrategien im Nazi-Deutschland. In hopes of angering tax-conscious citizens, degenerate works in German national museums came tagged with the price the German people paid (but never pointing out that the largest prices came during the inflationary times of the late 1920s, when people pushed wheelbarrows full of marks around to buy a loaf of bread). If Degenerate Art: The Attack on Modern Art in Nazi Germany, 1937 holds a warning from history, its that any time we set some group or its means of expression apart with labels, those labels say less about them and more about us. The title was added after the document was first created, and may have been written by Harry Fischer himself. An example illustrating this is the fate of the sculptor Ludwig Gies and his work. Departure, Frankfurt 1932, Berlin 1933-35. Oil on canvas. Magic Realism: Art in Weimar Germany 1919-33 review sex, death and decadence, Nora Krug: I would have thought, whats left to say about Germanys Nazi past? Though the focus was on Jewish influence, only six of the 112 artists represented were Jewish. Stck Vier important drone record #01: Minimalist electronic music. So that people can see and learn to recognize it.. But the larger issue that lingers is whether we still see any kind of art as degenerate or unhealthy to the point of censure. Pronunciation of entartete kunst with 3 audio pronunciations. The same room also featured the anti-war paintings of Otto Dix which had been displayed in Dresden in 1933 and which were seen to disrespect the honour of German soldiers and veterans. This was an effort to provide further proof of conspiracies regarding the existence of an artistic elite who had alien elements, such as Jewish people and Bolsheviks. The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric 2nd Edition Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses More than that, the Nazi regime explicitly drew a direct link between modernist stylistic tendencies and mental illness and "societal dysfunction." Dedicated to Junior. His aims for the exhibition were that it should bring about a clear decision for music as well [as art]: what was and is diseased, unhealthy, and highly dangerous in our music and that for this reason must be eliminated.. Many museum directors, curators, art professionals, and art scholars were dismissed and replaced by others affiliated with the Nazi Party. Artistic movements such as Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Dadaism, Surrealism and Post-Impressionism were all banned, as were musical genres such as atonality, jazz and swing. Entartete Kunst - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Fate of artwork: 'E' for Entartet (featured in the 'Degenerate Art' exhibition), 'V' for Verkauf (sale), 'T' for Tausch (exchange), 'X' for Vernichtung (destroyed, as could not be sold or exchanged), 'K' on commission with dealer | 9. A failed artist himself, Hitler wanted to mold the German soul in every way, including how it viewed the world through the prism of art. The case of Elfriede Lohse-Wchtler (1899 1940) draws into focus the terrible consequences of the worldview that lay at the heart of the Nazi comparison of modernist art with mental degeneration. One of the pieces with such a tragic shift in fate is the extremely adored sculpture of German artist Wilhelm Lehmbruck, Kneeling Woman, 1911. In From Lucerne to Washington, DC: Degenerate Art and the Question of Restitution, Jonathan Petropoulos spotlights the actions of MoMA founder Alfred Barr, who obtained many works for the collection that previously belonged to German museums, sometimes to the profit of the Nazi regime.
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